Презентация - British writers XVII-XVIII ages

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British writers XVII-XVIII ages
Daniel Defoe Jonathan Swift Joseph Addison Oliver Goldsmith Sir Richard Steel

Daniel Defoe
Daniel Defoe was an English trader, writer, journalist, pamphleteer, and spy, now most famous for his novel Robinson Crusoe. Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest proponents of the novel.

Daniel Foe (his original name) was probably born in Fore Street, in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate, London.  His father, James Foe, was a prosperous tallow chandler and a member of the Butchers' Company. Defoe was educated at the Rev. James Fisher's boarding school in Pixham Lane in Dorking, Surrey. In 1684, Defoe married Mary Tuffley, the daughter of a London merchant, the marriage was most likely troubled, but it lasted 50 years and produced eight children, six of whom survived. From 1685 through 1692 he engaged in trade in London as wholesale hosiery agent, an importer of wine and tobacco.
Daniel Foe

Arrested in 1703 for having published The Shortest Way with the Dissenters in 1702, Defoe was tried and sentenced, put before public abuse, and taken to prison. In (1676-1745) he was a government agent. Defoe continued to serve the government as journalist, pamphleteer, and secret agent for the remainder of his life.  At the age of fifty-nine, Defoe began a career as novelist. Within six years he produced six novels, all of which gave him his greatest fame. Daniel Defoe died at age seventy-one on April 24, 1731, outside of London, England.
Memorial to "Daniel De-Foe",  London.

Atlantis Major (1711) Robinson Crusoe (1719) The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1719) Captain Singleton (1720) Memoirs of a Cavalier (1720) A Journal of the Plague Year (1722) Moll Flanders (1722) Roxana: The Fortunate Mistress (1724) The Pirate Gow (1725) Colonel Jack (1722) The Storm (1704) The Family Instructor (1715) Memoirs of the Church of Scotland (1717)
Selected works of Daniel Defoe

Jonathan Swift
Jonathan Swift was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer , poet and cleric who became. He is remembered for works such as Gulliver's Travels, A Modest Proposal….

   
Jonathan Swift was born in Dublin, Ireland. He was the second child and only son of Jonathan Swift (1640-1667) and his wife Abigail Erick (or Herrick), of Frisby-on-the-Wreake  He studied at Kilkenny Grammar School between 1674 and 1682 and at Trinity College between 1682 and 1689. He received his M.A. in 1692.  After finishing his education Jonathan Swift made numerous trips to London and became famous for his satiric essays. After finishing his education Jonathan Swift made numerous trips to London and became famous for his satiric essays.
House in which Swift was born, 1865 illustration

Between 1702 and 1714, Swift was one of the most important figures in the political and the literary life of London. From 1713 to 1742 Swift was the dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral. Swift’s most famous book “Gulliver's Travels” was published in 1726 and was the first serious work in prose written by the author. Swift died on 19 October 1745 and was buried in St Patrick's cathedral. Swift’s death mask
Bust in St Patrick's Cathedral.

Selected works of Jonathan Swift
"A Meditation upon a Broomstick"(1703–1710) "A Tritical Essay upon the Faculties of the Mind" (1707–1711) The Bickerstaff-Partridge Papers (1708–1709) "An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity" (1708–1711) "On the Conduct of the Allies" (1711) “Gulliver's Travels” was published (1726) "A Letter to a Young Gentleman, Lately Entered into Holy Orders" (1720) "A Letter of Advice to a Young Poet" (1721): "Bon Mots de Stella" (1726) "A Modest Proposal", (1729) "An Essay on the Fates of Clergymen".

Joseph Addison
He was an English essayist, poet, playwright, and politician. He was the eldest son of The Reverend Lancelot Addison. His name is usually remembered alongside that of his long-standing friend, Richard Steele, with whom he founded The Spectator magazine.

Addison was born in Milston, Wiltshire, but soon after Joseph's birth his family moved into the Cathedral Close.  He was educated at Lambertown University and Charterhouse School and at the Queen's College, Oxford.  He traveled widely on the continent of Europe with a view to diplomatic employment, all the time writing and studying politics. He returned to England at the end of 1703. In 1708 he became MP for the rotten borough of Lostwithiel, for which he sat until 1709.  In 1716, he married the Dowager Countess of Warwick.

He remained an MP until his death at Holland House, June 17, 1719, in his 48th year, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Joseph Addison: engraving after the Kneller portrait

Selected works of Joseph Addison
A Translation of Virgil's Fourth Georgick (1694) Epilogue to Philips' The Distressed Mother (1712) To Sir Godfrey Kneller, on his Picture of the King (1716) Horace. Ode III, Book III in The Muses An Essay on Virgil's Georgics  (1697) A Letter from Italy, 1703  (pub. 1704) The Campaign, A Poem, To His Grace the Duke of Marlborough  (1705) Rosamond: An Opera  (1707) Cato: A Tragedy (1713) The Drummer, or the Haunted House: A Comedy  (1716)

Oliver Goldsmith

Oliver Goldsmith was an Anglo-Irish writer and poet, who is best known for his novel The Vicar of Wakefield (1766), his pastoral poem The Deserted Village (1770), and his plays The Good-Natur'd Man (1768) and She Stoops to Conquer (1771, first performed in 1773). He also wrote An History of the Earth and Animated Nature.

 he was born on 29 November, 1731, or perhaps in 1730. Other sources have indicated 10 November, on any year from 1727 to 1731. 10 November 1730 is now the most commonly accepted birth date.  He was born either in the townland of Pallas, near Ballymahon, County Longford, Ireland or at the residence of his maternal grandparents, at the Smith Hill House In 1744 Goldsmith went up to Trinity College, Dublin. He settled in London in 1756, where he briefly held various jobs. Goldsmith produced a massive output as a hack writer for the publishers of London,. 

Goldsmith was described by contemporaries as prone to envy, a congenial but impetuous and disorganised personality. His premature death in 1774 may have been partly due to his own misdiagnosis of his kidney infection.  Goldsmith was buried in Temple Church. The inscription reads; "HERE LIES/OLIVER GOLDSMITH
A plaque to Oliver Goldsmith at Temple Church.

Selected works of Oliver Goldsmith
The Good Natur'd Man: A Comedy  (1768) Epilogue to The Sister: A Comedy by Mrs. Charlotte Lennox  (1769) Prologue to Zobeide: A Tragedy, by Joseph Cradock  (1771) She Stoops to Conquer: or, The Mistakes of a Night: A Comedy  (1773) The Grumbler (An Adaptation by Oliver Goldsmith An Enquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe  (1759) The Life of Richard Nash  (1762) The Life of Thomas Parnell  (1770) An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature  (1774)

Sir Richard Steel

Sir Richard Steele was an Irish writer and politician, remembered as co-founder, with his friend Joseph Addison, of the magazine The Spectator.

Steele was born in Dublin, Ireland in March 1672 to Richard Steele, an attorney, and Elinor Symes. Steele was largely raised by his uncle and aunt, Henry Gascoigne and Lady Katherine Mildmay. A member of the Protestant gentry, he was educated at Charterhouse School, where he first met Addison. After starting at Christ Church in Oxford, he went on to Merton College, Oxford. Then joined the Life Guards of the Household Cavalry. He left the army in 1705. In 1706 Steele was appointed to a position in the household of Prince George of Denmark, consort of Anne, Queen of Great Britain. Steele became a Whig Member of Parliament in 1713, for Stockbridge. Steele was a member of the Kit-Kat Club. Steele's first published work, The Christian Hero (1701), attempted to point out the differences between perceived and actual masculinity. Written while Steele served in the army, it expressed his idea of a pamphlet of moral instruction. 
Sir Richard Steele by Godfrey Kneller c.1712, National Portrait Gallery, London (one of the "Kit-Cat Portraits")

The Tatler, Steele's first journal, first came out on 12 April 1709, and appeared three times a week. Steele wrote this periodical under the pseudonym Isaac Bickerstaff. The Tatler was closed down to avoid the complications of running a Whig publication that had come under Tory attack.[ Addison and Steele then founded The Spectator in 1711 and also the Guardian in 1713. n 1705, Steele married a widow, Margaret Stretch, who died in the following year. At her funeral he met his second wife, Mary Scurlock, whom he nicknamed "Prue" and married in 1707. In 1726 he suffered a paralytic stroke. His health broken, Steele died at Carmarthen, Wales, on Sept. 1, 1729.
The Sir Richard Steele, Primrose Hill

Selected works of Sir Richard Steel
The Tender Husband; or, The Accomplished Fools. A Comedy.  (1705) The Tender Husband; or, The Accomplished Fools. A Comedy.  (1705) Prologue to Philips' The Distrest Mother  (1712) Prologue to Addison's The Drummer  (1716) The Conscious Lovers: A Comedy  (1723) The Englishman's thanks to the Duke of Marlborough  (1712) A Letter to Sir M. W[arton] Concerning Occasional Peers  (1713)

List of sources
http://www.timetoast.com https://www.google.ru http://www.thefamouspeople.com http://engtime.ru http://www.theguardian.com http://www.historic-uk.com/ www.thedailystar.ne http://e-katherine.ru/ http://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/ http://prezentacii.com/ http://www.visitbritain.com/